Understanding and preventing skin cancer

dermatologist checking a mole

Early diagnosis makes treatment for skin cancer easier and more effective

Skin cancer: what to know and why it matters

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the UK. While it can affect anyone, the good news is that it’s also one of the most preventable – and treatable when caught early.

Know the signs

The most common symptom of non-melanoma skin cancer is a new growth or unusual patch on the skin, particularly in areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, shoulders, back, hands, and lower legs.

Be alert to:

  • New moles or changes in existing ones
  • Sores that don’t heal
  • Persistent itching or discomfort
  • New growths, especially translucent, crusty, or shiny spots
  • Pigmented areas with uneven colour or texture

Changes to existing moles may signal melanoma, a more serious type of skin cancer. Watch for the ABCDE signs:

  • Asymmetry
  • Border irregularity
  • Colour variation
  • Diameter over 6mm
  • Evolving size, shape, or feel

Prevention is key

The most effective way to lower your skin cancer risk is through sun protection:

  • Apply broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily and reapply regularly
  • Wear protective clothing, such as long sleeves and wide-brimmed hats
  • Avoid the sun between 10am and 4pm
  • Skip tanning beds – they increase your risk, especially of melanoma
  • Perform monthly skin checks and become familiar with your moles

Those with fair skin, light hair, many moles, or a history of sunburn are at higher risk.

When to see a GP

Early diagnosis makes treatment easier and more effective. You should contact your GP if:

  • A skin growth is changing in size, colour, or texture
  • A spot hurts, bleeds, crusts, or won’t heal after 4 weeks
  • You have a personal or family history of skin cancer

Your GP may examine the area and take a photo for referral to a dermatologist.

Treatments for skin cancer

If diagnosed, there are several highly effective treatment options depending on the type and stage of skin cancer:

  • Surgery – to remove cancerous tissue
  • Radiotherapy – using high-energy x-rays, delivered externally or internally
  • Immunotherapy and targeted medicine – helping the immune system destroy cancer cells
  • Photodynamic therapy – using light-activated drugs to destroy abnormal cells

Your medical team will recommend the most suitable approach based on your individual case.

Stay aware, stay safe

Skin cancer doesn’t just affect people who spend time in the sun – it can affect anyone. Regular self-checks and sensible sun habits are powerful tools for prevention and early detection.

If you notice anything unusual, don’t wait. Speak to your GP or a dermatologist.

Further information and support